Enable SSH Port Forwarding in VirtualBox

In the VirtualBox menu bar, select Machine > Settings to open the machine settings.

Select the "Network" tab on the left.

Select the "Advanced" drop-down menu.

Select the "Port Forwarding" button to open the port forwarding menu.

Select the top-right button "Adds port forwarding rule" to add a new rule.

Add a forwarding rule called "OpenSSH" on protocol TCP from host port 2222 to guest port 22. Leave both IP fields blank. Select "OK" in the port forwarding menu, then select "OK" on the settings menu.

Then, on your host (if your host is a Windows machine, enable the OpenSSH.CLIENT capability on your host as shown above), run:

ssh -p 2222 user@localhost

After entering the password at the prompt, you should be greeted with a command prompt:

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.2006]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

user@DESKTOP-E04G80I C:\Users\user>